Toward Competent Graduates: A Systems – Level Review of PNTC Colleges’ Summative Assessment Framework

Abstract

Maritime Higher Education Institutions maintain strong summative assessment systems to ensure graduates possess competencies required. This study conducted a systems-level review of PNTC Colleges’ summative assessment framework for its Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation program to determine the extent of alignment with Regulatory Driven Assessment Framework, examine operational practices by faculty and assessors, identify implementation challenges, and develop recommendations for strengthening graduate competencies. A qualitative descriptive design was employed. Document trailing using a protocol with a four-point alignment scale applied to three courses, while semi-structured interviews were conducted with institutional leaders, assessors, faculty, and administration representative. Thematic analysis was used to interpret data. Findings showed that the framework is Substantially Aligned. Approved practical assessments and grading achieved full alignment, minor gaps in the table of specification of formative and summative assessments within a single document and physical and digital archiving of assessment evidence. Operationalization reflects a clear preparation, validation, and approval process, mapping of competencies, simulator-based scenarios that test adaptability, standardized rubrics, pre-and post-assessment calibration, and continuous improvement through item analysis. Key challenges include large class sizes and simulator availability, documentation and grading that reduce time for students, and difficulties in applying uniform competency across learners. The study concludes that PNTC Colleges has developed clear and effective summative assessment system supporting competency verification. Targeted improvements in tool design, record-keeping protocols, validator participation, and technology-enabled documentation are needed to ensure competent graduates. These insights contribute to quality assurance in maritime education and provide model for other institutions undergoing regulatory transitions.